Characteristics of Squamates Reptiles

Squamates (Squamata) are the most diverse of all the reptile groups, with approximately 7400 living species. Squamates include lizards, snakes, and worm lizards. There are two characteristics that unite the squamates. The first is that they shed their skin periodically. Some squamates, such as snakes, shed their skin in one piece. Other squamates, such as many lizards, shed their skin in patches. In contrast, non-squamate reptiles regenerate their scales by other means—for example, crocodiles shed a single scale at a time while turtles do not shed the scales that cover their carapace and instead add new layers from beneath. The second characteristic shared by squamates is their uniquely jointed skulls and jaws, which are both strong and flexible. The extraordinary jaw mobility of squamates enables them to open their mouths very wide and in doing so, consume large prey. Additionally, the strength of their skull and jaws provides squamates with a powerful bite grip. Evolution of Squamates Squamates first appeared in the fossil record during the mid-Jurassic and probably existed before that time. The fossil record for squamates is rather sparse. Modern squamates arose about 160 million years ago, during the late Jurassic. The earliest lizard fossils are between 185 and 165 million years old. The closest living relatives of the squamates are the tuatara, followed by the crocodiles and birds. Of all living reptiles,  turtles  are the most distant relatives of the squamates. Like crocodilians, squamates are diapsids, a group of reptiles that possess two holes (or temporal fenestra) on each side of their skull. Key Characteristics The key characteristics of squamates  include: the most diverse group of reptilesexceptional skull mobility Classification Squamates are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Reptiles Squamates Squamates are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Lizards (Lacertilia): There are more than 4,500 species of lizards alive today, making them the most diverse group of all squamates. Members of this group include iguanas, chameleons, geckos, night lizards, blind lizards, skinks, anguids, beaded lizards and many others.Snakes (Serpentes): There are about 2,900 species of snakes alive today. Members of this group include boas, colubrids, pythons, vipers, blind snakes, mole vipers, and sunbeam snakes. Snakes have no limbs but their legless nature doesnt stop them from being among the worlds most formidable reptilian predators.Worm lizards (Amphisbaenia): There are about 130 species of worm lizards alive today. Members of this group are burrowing reptiles that spend most of their life underground. Worm lizards have sturdy skulls that are well suited for digging tunnels.

Jake Barnes as Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises ...

Jake Barnes as Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises The portrayal of heroism is an essential aspect of literature, and every writer delineates his heroes through their ability to triumph over adversity. Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) consistently defined and distinguished his heroes through an echoing set of characteristics that form a characteristic Hemingway Code Hero. A Code Hero is one that distinguishes himself by his ability to demonstrate grace under pressure, to adhere to a strong set of personal values and, most importantly, to live life to the fullest. In Hemingways first novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926), the protagonist Jakes Barnes serves as a controversial example†¦show more content†¦Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls is assigned the dangerous task of destroying a bridge in fascist enemy territory during the Spanish Civil War. Like all Code Heroes, Robert improves his environment by fulfilling his duty to the best of his knowledge and skill, though often at his own expense. Ultimately, it is the heros task to survive by any means possible, yet only a Code Hero has the capacity to emerge from the experience stoically in order to set a societal example. The Hemingway Code Hero embodies the personal values of honor, bravery and responsibility, in an effort to impose stability and morality into his disordered existence. Because Hemingways struggles are generally within the mind and life of the hero, the heros motivation lies in survival rather than public acclaim or societal improvement. Leo Gurko states, Their behavior is a reaction to the moral emptiness of the universe, an emptiness that they feel compelled to fill by their own special efforts (236). Characters leave their mark various ways, for instance, in A Farwell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls, the protagonists valiantly risk their lives to save their companions. The heros values are strictly personal; while he lives meticulously by his code of morality, he does not forcefully impose his valuesShow MoreRelatedJake Barnes As A Hemingway Code Hero1229 Words   |  5 PagesAlessandro Pereyra Mr. Platt IB English-SL 6 November 2015 Jake Barnes as a Hemingway Code Hero in The Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway developed the Hemingway code hero after World War I as a representation of those who suffered after the brutality of war. Featured in many of Hemingway’s novels, the Hemingway Code Hero adheres to an unwritten, tacit set of self-established values and guidelines throughout all venues of life. He is a man characterized with a severe amount of drinking, enjoys anRead MoreHemingway Code Hero Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway, author of The Sun Also Rises, brands his main character Jake Barnes, a Hemingway code hero. The Hemingway code hero is defined as one who faces several problems yet faces them with undeniable dignity; when under pressure he deals with it with so much poise, it is hard to detect he is faced with a challenge. Also according to Hemingway, this man must accept that the world can bring misery upon anyone and while realizing this must learn to enjoy life (Melvin C. Miles). This man willRead MoreThe Existence Of Hemingway s Code He ro1639 Words   |  7 PagesHemingway’s â€Å"Code Hero† was first explored in 1952 by Hemingway expert Philip Young in his book Ernest Hemingway (Later revised in 1962 as Ernest Hemingway: A Reconsideration). Hemingway himself defines the Code Hero as â€Å"a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful†. Ultimately the Code Hero will lose because even heroes are mortal, but the true measure of a man is how they face death. The Code HeroRead More Ernest Hemingway: Allegorical Figures In The Sun Also Rises1227 Words   |  5 Pages Ernest Hemingway: Allegorical Figures in The Sun Also Rises Thesis: Hemingway deliberately shaped the protagonists in The Sun Also Rises as allegorical figures. OUTLINE I. The Sun Also Rises A. Hemingways novel. B. Hemingways protagonists are deliberately shaped as allegorical figures. C. Novel symbolizing the impotence after W.W.I. II. Jake Barnes. A. Wound. 1. Damaged genitalia. 2. Cant make love. 3. Feels desire. B. Wound is symbol of life in years after W.W.I. C. Wound from accident. 1Read More Plight of the Code Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay2466 Words   |  10 PagesThe Plight of the Code Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his novels Ernest Hemingway suggests a code of behavior for his characters to follow: one that demands courage in difficult situations, strength in the face of adversity, and grace under pressure.   Termed the code hero, this character is driven by the principal ideals of honor, courage, and endurance in a life of stress, misfortune, and pain.   Despite the heros fight against life in this violent and disorderly worldRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises Critical Essay3893 Words   |  16 Pageswhich finds The Sun Also Rises overtly cynical, focusing instead on the circularity of the human condition. Emphasis in the considerable body of criticism in print on The Sun Also Rises rests with the cynicism and world-weariness to be found in the novel. Although Lionel Trilling in 1939 afforded his readers a salutary, corrective view, most commentators have found the meaning inherent in the pattern of the work despairing. Perhaps most outspoken is E. M. Halliday, who sees Jake Barnes as adoptingRead MoreSilvia Parra Dela Longa. Professor: Leslie Richardson.1404 Words   |  6 PagesLeslie Richardson ENGL 2342 26 February 2017 The Style of Ernest Hemingway According to critic Robert McCrum, associate literary editor of The Observer, and writer of six novels (theguardian.com) The Sun also Rises ranks number 53 on the list of the 100 best novels of 20th century American Literature. Why does The Sun Also Rises is respected as landmark in the world of words? One of the reasons is about the writing style of Hemingway, which transformed the path of American and English literature.Read MoreThe Characteristics of Hemingways Works2503 Words   |  11 PagesThe Characteristics of Hemingway’s Works Ernest Hemingway, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and the Nobel Prize of Literature in 1954, occupies an outstanding position in the American literature. He is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. Hemingway is famous for his distinct writing style and his â€Å"Code Hero.† In addition, his many great works are based on his experiences of war. Hemingway’s writing style is arguably the most distinctive characteristicRead MoreEssay about The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises 2160 Words   |  9 Pagesas Ernest Hemingway, Edith Wharton, Anita Loos, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Sinclair Lewis were some of the popular fiction authors of the 1920s who both entertained and delighted their readers, while also offering an intelligent reality check about the limits and realities of the American Dream. The Sun Also Rises was one of the earliest novels to encapsulate the ideas of the Lost Generation and the shortcomings of the American Dream. The novel, by Ernest Hemingway, follows Jake Barnes and a groupRead More Biography of Ernest Hemingway Essay3737 Words   |  15 PagesBiography of Ernest Hemingway Certainly there is no hunting like the hunting of man and those who have hunted armed men long enough and liked it, never really care for anything else thereafter. You will meet them doing various things with resolve, but their interest rarely holds because after the other thing ordinary life is as flat as the taste of wine when the taste buds have been burned off your tongue. (On the Blue Water in Esquire, April 1936) A legendary novelist, short-story

Supreme Court (1072 words) Essay Example For Students

Supreme Court (1072 words) Essay Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court has had many different places where it was located over the years. There has been a struggle to find a permanent home for the most powerful court of law. At first, the meetings were in the Merchant Exchange Building in New York City. The court then followed the nation’s capitol to Philadelphia in 1790. In 1800 the court again relocated to Washington DC. At first they spent their time meeting in various places. The place to find the Supreme Court now is in Washington DC, on First Street located in Northeast. The Supreme court was created during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 during which the delegates discussed the necessity of a Supreme Court. The two major reasons for the need of this type of court was going to be to settle the conflicts that may arise between states, and the fact that there would be a court that would have to maintain the uniformity of the federal law. Article III vested the judicial power in â€Å"one Supreme Court† , and such inferior courts as the Congress may form from time to time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Supreme Court of the United States has several different types of cases which they generally hear. The first of these are controversies in which the United States is a party. Another categories of cases are ones in which there is a conflict between different states, as well as cases in which the parties involved are from different states. The federal question jurisdiction includes cases that are under the Constitution or federal statutes and or treaties. Cases that involve admiralty and maritime law are also heard by the Supreme Court. This court is considered to be the final arbitrator between the assertion of power and the restrictions on power derived from a written constitution. The Supreme Court also has appellate jurisdiction, which means the cases that are appealed from a lower court with an issue that concerns with the federal law or the Constitution.Not all cases get heard by the Supreme Court. A case can either go through the federal or the state court system, the case comes to the Supreme Court. There are four different ways to reach the Supreme Court. It can be through a petition for an extraordinary writ. There is also a request for certification. A case can also be heard through an appeal, or a petition for a writ of certiorari. The Supreme Court has nine judges, which serve. These judges assess cases. These Justices hold their terms for life, â€Å"during good behavior† under Article III. The current Supreme Court Justices are Justice John Paul Stevens, appointed by Gerald Ford in 1975. Ronald Regan appointed Justice Sandra Day O’Conner to her term in 1981. Justice Antonia Scalia was appointed by Ronald Regan in 1986. Another Justice appointed by Ronald Regan is Anthony Kennedy in 1988. George Bush appointed Justice David Souter in 1990. Justice Clarence Thomas was appointed by George Bush in 1991. Bill Clinton appointed Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1993. Bill Clinton also appointed Justice Stephen Breyer in 1994. The Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court is Chief Justice William Rehnquist who was appointed Justice by President Richard Nixon in 1972 and earned his appointment to being Chief Justice by Ronald Regan in 1986. The U. S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear a case concerning whether electrocution amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. They are using a case that was started in Florida. This decision comes four months after the third botched electrocution in Florida this decade. It shut down the use of Floridas electric chair, granting open-ended reprieves to a man scheduled to die recently and another a few days ago. The issue may not be resolved by the high court for months. Attorneys for death row inmates have tried unsuccessfully in state courts to prove that death in the electric chair violates the constitutional ban on cruel and unusual punishment. Florida is one of just four states across the country that requires condemned killers to be executed by electrocution. .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 , .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .postImageUrl , .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 , .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:hover , .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:visited , .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:active { border:0!important; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:active , .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027 .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua49513e0afc043335ce4f8e490fdb027:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Underrepresented Groups - Hairspray Essay Most of the 38 states with capital punishment have switched to lethal injection in the last 50 years, when a peak of 26 states used electric chairs. But the U.S. Supreme Court has not reviewed electrocution as a method of execution since 1890, when New York became the first state to approve its use. Now the issue is one that is in conflict among states. The last man to die in Floridas electric chair was Allen Lee Davis also known as â€Å"Tiny.† His execution in July for the 1982 murders of a pregnant woman and her two young daughters led to the legal challenge before the high court. He suffered a nosebleed just before the current of electrocution was applied. This caused blood to drip from his face mask and onto his chest as he died. Davis may also have been partially suffocated before he was electrocuted because of the placement of a leather mouthpiece across his face. This does not seem to be a normal way to punish a criminal, and thus becomes an argument for debate and discussion. The bloody execution followed problems in 1990 and 1997, when flames erupted from the headpiece worn by condemned Florida killers. This is not only wrong but should not be continued to go on. Pictures of Davis bloody body and contorted face are before the nations high after Florida Supreme Court Justice Leander Shaw attached three photographs to his blistering dissent of the state courts 4-3 ruling upholding use of the chair last month. The decision came less than an hour after the state Supreme Court granted Anthony Bryan a two-day stay to pursue federal appeals. Bryan was scheduled to go to the electric chair at 7 a. m. recently for the 1983 murder of a watchman abducted in Mississippi. Bryans lawyer, Andrew Thomas, called the decision monumental. Gov. Jeb Bush was surprised and disappointed with the decision Florida House Speaker John Thrasher said he found the courts decision terribly frustrating.† This case is being heard by the Supreme Court and will be one, which will set a trend and a standard among the states with regards to the punishment of convicts. It will decide and define cruel and unusual punishment with regard to individuals convicted of crimes and sentenced to certain punishments. History